Political science final exam and 3 quizes Case Study

Political science final exam and 3 quizes - Case Study Example Woodrow Wilson was associated with teaching profession for earlier part of his career, and till the early days of his 30s, he had not achieved anything substantial and for this matter he at one time said that even at age of 31, I have achieved nothing, however he had the insight and vision to become one of the best in the field of public administration and he devoted his efforts and energies towards this field and profession that would become corner stone of public administration principles all over the world. 3.Based on the Woodrow Wilson case on pages 26-27, what similarity exists between former President Woodrow Wilson and current President Barack Obama as it relates to both men’s early writings and their stature in the field of academia? Were their writings prominently received? Both the leaders, the present President Barack Obama and the then president Woodrow Wilson were associated with the academic profession, made their way through continuous struggle and hard work rose up to the rank of being the guiders of the nation in longer run. Both had a similarity amongst them in the context of aiming to bring about change, while Woodrow Wilson resolved to bring about change via public administration and governance model, President Barack Obama followed the same pursuit without clearly naming the domain of public administration. Their affiliation to the field of academia enabled them advocating a point towards improvement in the present setup of governmental activities. Both the leaders found their writing as a foundation towards what would be the stepping stone in longer run. Through their writings, they convinced the people, proved their skills and potential, although at first , both were limited to smaller domain, yet with time both found good ground based on their earlier writings and affiliation to the field of academic science and research. Hence it was

Explore how Bob Dylan portrays transient figures in Like a Rolling Research Paper

Explore how Bob Dylan portrays transient figures in Like a Rolling Stone, and discuss how these portrayals contribute to t - Research Paper Example Bob Dylan was growing up personally and evolving his music in the context of the early Beat movement at this time. However, what was an underground movement in the early 60’s rapidly became mainstream with the Beatles and other rock groups gaining mass popularity in 1965. This transition can be seen on Bob Dylan’s album â€Å"Bringing it Back Home† (1965), which included one side of folk songs in the style he had popularized and come to be known by, and the other side featuring Dylan’s first electric guitar based rock songs. (Kemp, 2001) Thus, in the classic song â€Å"Like a Rolling Stone,† Dylan composed a morality tale in the style of an anthem addressed particularly to this division within the movement, discussing the different aspects involved with the mystical and revolutionary path of the underground when it meets the mainstream acceptance and propagation. Eastern Mysticism rooted in Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, Yoga, and Sufism was highly inf luential on the Beat Poets of the 1950’s and forms the metaphysical basis for many of their works of literature. Bob Dylan can be considered highly influenced by the Beats, and also widely read in their literature at the time. This influence can be seen in the counter-culture lifestyle promoted by Dylan in his music. As Dylan biographer Sean Wilentz wrote in a New Yorker article on the Beats titled â€Å"Penetrating Aether: The Beat Generation and Allen Ginsberg’s America,† â€Å"Dylan knew the poems, Ginsberg later claimed. ‘Someone handed me Mexico City Blues in St. Paul in 1959,’ Dylan told him. ‘It blew my mind.’ It was the first poetry he’d read that spoke his own American language, Dylan said—or so Ginsberg said he said. Maybe, maybe not. Without question, though, Dylan read Mexico City Blues and was deeply interested in Beat writing before he left Minneapolis for New York. (Like other Beats and hipsters, his friend Tony Glover ordered a paperback copy of William Burroughs’s Naked Lunch from France, where it had been published by Olympia Press in Paris in 1959 as The Naked Lunch— uncertain whether the book, deemed obscene by American authorities, would clear customs. The book indeed arrived, and Glover lent it to Dylan, who returned it after a couple of weeks.) And Dylan’s involvement with the writings of Kerouac, Ginsberg, Burroughs, and the rest of the Beat generation is nearly as essential to Dylan’s biography as his immersion in rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and then Woody Guthrie. ‘I came out of the wilderness and just naturally fell in with the Beat scene, the bohemian, Be Bop crowd, it was all pretty much connected,’ Dylan said in 1985. ‘It was Jack Kerouac, Ginsberg, Corso, Ferlinghetti †¦ I got in at the tail end of that and it was magic †¦ it had just as big an impact on me as Elvis Presley.’† (Wilentz, 2010) Ro lling Stone magazine states that Bob Dylan was the first musician of the modern era to have his lyrics considered by critics and the public to be works of literature. (Kemp, 2001) In this regard, Bob Dylan can be considered a Beat Poet, and his music concerts were played in venues with audiences made up of

How to achieve peace in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

How to achieve peace in Pakistan Essay Pakistan was founded. Pakistan was built to fulfill the needs of the Muslim community by providing them equality, Justice and freedom. However, soon enough it failed to fulfill the promises it had made to its society thus instability, restlessness and wretchedness reigned throughout the nation. Achievement of peace in Pakistan is actually the desire of every follow Pakistani or at least a huge majority of them. To devise a proper strategy we need to analyze and understand the causes f unrest and chaos in Pakistan. Factors causing disturbance in Pakistan can be categorized in internal and external factors. Internals factors consist of social, economic, political and administrative whereas external factors are related to regional instability and international so-called war on terror involving Kashmir, Iran, Afghanistan and Baluchistan. For achievement of peace and stability we need to address the huge gap between haves and have nots. Firstly socially, there seems to be a huge gap between the different classes within the country. A large majority when sees a small minority enjoying a very luxurious life style they naturally rebel and resort to unlawful activities to become rich overnight. We can say this is a poor vs. rich tension, which disturbs the peace of society in various ways such as crime and law breaking. Secondly, politically, in Karachi different political parties have armed wings. Karachi being the biggest city has greater influence. Respective political leaders protect crimes of members of these gangs. While political leaders re enjoyingi government position at the same time they are patronizing criminals, murderers, target killers, extortionists and land grabbers. Thirdly, economically, Karachi being port city and major economic hub affects Pakistan. One day of strike and unrest in Karachi costs billion of rupees to national exchequer. Lastly, on the administrative side, law enforcement agencies are plagued by corruption. They are packed with cronies of influential people along with lack of proper training and sufficient resources. In some cases sources of trouble and unrest outnumber civil law nforcement agencies. Furthermore criminals are able to get relief from tax and justice procedures. They can even intimidate eyewitnesses and thus obstruct dispensation of Justices. This further erodes confidence of public on the prevailing system and thus increases unrest and instability. Therefore, to achieve peace we need to address all these issues immediately. The first step should be to break the vicious cycle of illiteracy, poverty and disease by providing educational and health facilities and equal Job opportunities on merit. We have to uplift standard of general public through a fair system based on social Justice by educating general public through print and electronic media about the responsibilities and rights of a citizen. Law enforcement agencies need to be revamped by selecting officers and cadres on merit, proper training and equipping them with latest equipment and technology and where necessary paramilitary forces can be used to assist them. A fair and speedy Justice system, which ensures that troublemakers are taken to task without ny delay, should be formed. Similarly, on the international front we have to get out of Afghan war. We should not allow proxy wars to be fought in our territory. In KPK and Baluchistan political reconciliation is required since administrative measures alone have failed to give desired results. To sum up, peace in Pakistan cannot be achieved in bullet but a set of social, economic, political and administrative system could help our country to gradually move towards the right path and a path towards stability.

Passionate Storms :: essays research papers

Passionate Storms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm†, is a story filled with metaphorical references between a thunderstorm of rain and a thunderstorm of passion. Calixta, Bobinot, and Bibi led, what one would assume to be, a rather normal life. While Bobinot and Bibi are in town shopping they notice a storm approaching, and â€Å"Bobinot, who was accustomed to converse on terms of perfect equality with his little son, called the child’s attention to certain sombre clouds that were rolling with sinister intention from the west, accompanied by a sullen, threatening roar.† However, a moment a Mother Nature’s fury unleashed a wealth of passion between Calixta and her former beau Alcee Laballiere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Calixta was at home sewing while Bobinot and Bibi were at Friedheimer’s store, and she did not realize that a serious, yet pleasurable, storm was fast approaching. Once she noticed that it was getting darker she quickly set about closing doors and windows. Calixta remembered hanging Bobinot’s Sunday coat on the front gallery and as she was retrieving it Alcee rode up seeking shelter from the storm. â€Å"May I come and wait on your gallery till the storm is over, Calixta?† he asked. Although Alcee wished to remain on the gallery, Calixta insisted that he come inside and stay until the storm passed. Although it was dark outside, inside Alcee admired the fact that â€Å"she was a revelation in that dim, mysterious chamber; as white as the couch she lay upon.† Calixta realized that â€Å"her firm, elastic flesh that was knowing for the first time it’s birthright, was like a creamy lily that the sun invites to co ntribute its breath and perfume to the underlying life of the world.† â€Å"Her mouth,† unlike the torrential rains, â€Å"was a fountain of delight.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As though their adulterous tryst were timed with the weather, their forbidden lust filled afternoon was over just as the storm was moving on. Although basking in the after-glow, neither dared to sleep. â€Å"The rain was over; and the sun was turning the glistening green world into a palace of gems.† Their passion was as fierce as the crashing torrents of the rain outside and then the after-glow from both being mutually satiated was like the sun coming back out.

Jamaica Kincaid’s “Girl” in social context

Jamaica Candid's â€Å"Girl† in Social Context Jamaica Candid short story â€Å"Girl† was the first fiction work, which she has written. 650 words of prose poem Is a mother teaching her daughter how she should behave and to do everything that Antigen women do. There Is no Introduction, no action, no character description and no composition seen, only two voices, which at the end appears to be the mother and the daughter. Antigen, was the place, were Candid grew up during ass's and ass's.When she escaped from her family, Jamaica changed her name and started to write. The mother in the story seems to have full control of setting her daughter for her teenage years. While, the girl is kind of poor one, because she has to put up with the very intense rules that she gets from her mother. A mother gives commands to her daughter with a firm tone of voice, while daughter interrupts her mother twice: to protect herself and to ask the question.Jamaica Candid, using only two voices , is able to open the major Issues: felicity, social classes and traditions. In like manner, despite the makeup and high heels, femininity is hard org If to mention cleaning the house and looking remarkable while doing It. In â€Å"Girl† woman seems to be Identified with the looking after the house and Its Inhabitants. It Is not surprising that In order to malignant their luxury and decent lady card, girls must obey the motherly advice.In the following quote expressed by the mother of the girl, where she is giving commands for her daughter in order to teach her to be decent lady, femininity is one of the main clauses about the problem if to speak about being successful lady in the family. â€Å"Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them n the stone heap; wash the color clothes on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry' (1-2). This is the first commandment of a long list, that girl, in order to be honorable lady, must follow.The commandment begins with the cleaning of clothing – and, in particular, this concerns the correct cleaning, to avoid the blending of colors. Commandments like this, always seems hard to accomplish. Generally speaking, Candid represents, that both the mother and the girl are controlled by the rules of fervently. Additionally, class and social standing have already been lassie back when someone had clearly more shiny stones than the other. In â€Å"Girl† it was not only just shiny stones, but also girl's skin color, her table coating quality and smoothness of her seams.In a colonial Antigen, where British culture is seen as a native, African descent Antigens as Candid and, as I think, also a girl, already are at the top of the hierarchy. In â€Å"Girl† it seems that the dead person can easily lose their social standing, and it is much more difficult to pick it up once you lose it. In the following quote expressed by the mother of the girl, where she is giving commands or her daughter in order to teac h her to be decent lady; interaction with negligent boys and girls is forbidden, in order to be a respectful lady. You mustn't speak to wharf-rat boys, not even to give Some people are so removed from society that they are not even treated as people; they are rats. Whereas slovenly men and women are even In lower social standing than the black people from Antigen, absolutely no one Is talking with them. As shown above, Candid stated that society Is based on policing behavior. In â€Å"Girl†, there is someone who is always watching. E keep our balance; it helps us to know how to narrate the whole world, that it makes matter a lot of easier, it can, of course, also be oppressive, archaic, and Just stupid.In â€Å"Girl† the mother teaches her daughter traditions for several reasons; tradition can help the daughter to become a respected lady, retains lady successful life with no bad luck. In the following quote expressed by the mother of the girl, where she is giving comma nds for her daughter in order to teach her to be decent lady; the daughter is bound to keep up with tradition, in order to live a successful and fulfilling lady life. Soak salt fish overnight before you cook it†(7). Salted fish is fish that have been salted and dried to keep it not using the refrigerator.The fish is very salty, so, in order to eat it, lady has to steep it very carefully. In a word, food is the most important part of the tradition, as it is associated with femininity lessons, whose have been thought by the mother. The British traditions are as important as the African ones in the â€Å"Girl†. Both are important details of the cultural heritage of the girl. In the final analysis, Jamaica Candid, using only two voices, is able to open he major issues: femininity, social classes and traditions.The mother gives commands to her daughter in order to prepare her for the fulfilling and respectful lady life. Although we believe that the girl is helpless at the be ginning, because she speaks only twice; trying to defend himself, but the motive of Candid gives all the power to the girl. This prose poem is a mother teaching her daughter how she should behave and to do everything that Antigen women do. There is no introduction, no action, no appears to be the mother and the daughter.

A Report That Examines The Role Of Expert And Lay Knowledge In Understanding And Managing Risk

This report is going to examine how risks we face in our daily lives rely on different forms of knowledge to create an understanding of them and their consequences. This report will examine how people use expert and lay knowledge about risks in order to live with them. A brief description of risk is provided. The discussion focuses on how we live with risk and interpret expert and lay knowledge regarding risk and risk avoidance. It is also suggested that people make their own choice as to what and how they use information and to what degree of risk they consider acceptable in their lives. This is influenced by the knowledge they have and how they interpret that. Clearly an expert will be in a stronger position to accurately assess risk compared to a lay person. 1. Expert Knowledge – someone that has knowledge, skill and is qualified in a particular subject. 2. Lay Knowledge – someone who does not have specialized knowledge or training in a subject. This report will examine three examples of risk and will detail not only expert information but it will review lay opinion as well. 1. Firstly the cycling and the benefits of wearing helmet will be assessed. 2. Then a case study that detailed an allotment and the hazardous substances found in the soil. 3. The last risk to be observed will be sun exposure, sun tanning and risks and how consumerism can play apart in forming our choices. 1. Our Risky Lives 1. Risk – a state in which there is a possibility of known danger or harm, which if avoided may lead to benefits (Carter and Jordan, 2009). Almost everything we do in life comes with some degree of risk. It is how we interpret the risk that determines how we live. Some risk is taken without thinking, some risk is unavoidable, and in other cases we can reduce the risk or avoid the risk all together. 1. Cycling and the benefits of wearing a helmet Cycling will introduce the idea of risks and risk management in our material lives. Cyclists manage their risk with lights, occasional hand signals and helmets. Cyclists have to negotiate the use of the helmet, whether or not to wear one but not doing so means any injury sustained may be the cyclist’s own fault. One study shown 85 per cent reduction in the risk of head injury among cyclists who wore helmets (Thompson et al., cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Other research found that, when car overtakes a cyclist, the car comes significantly closer to a cyclist who wears a helmet (Walker, cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009). Taking both studies into account seems to suggest that if you wear a helmet then you are more likely to have an accident but if you have an accident then you are less likely to have head injuries. 1. Hazardous substances found in the soil Soil on an allotment will show how knowledge of an invisible risk is produced by experts but can be contested and how the allotment users used knowledge to manage the risks. The benefits of a social activity such as gardening were suddenly brought into question by publication of a scientific test on the soil. The material environment changed from being good into something that was dangerous. The soil was safe then became poisonous and then become safe again, all without the soil itself being changed. The existence of two soil tests confirms that even within science there are debates over how best to assess risk. In the case study, the same soil shifted from being safe to dangerous and back again solely as a result of different measurement practices (Carter and Jordan, 2009). This shows how the expert knowledge may or may not influence the decisions people make about managing risk. Gardener did not listen to expert knowledge about safe soil, because two contrasting results of the tests did not feel quite trustworthy. 1. Sun Exposure and expert knowledge of sun risk The last risk to be assessed will be sun exposure and sun tanning and risks. Increasingly over the last number of years dangers of sun exposure and tanning have come to the fore. Even though advice and evidence which has been produced people still continue to expose themselves to the harmful UVA rays. In this section we can look at a second case study of risk and risk management concerning holidaymakers and their attitudes to a tan. To understand the apparently risky practices connected with sun exposure we have to take seriously the ways in which people make sense of expert advice, and measure it against their own knowledge and experiences of the material world in which they live (Carter and   Jordan, 2009). The research conducted by Simon Carter used a mixture of interviews and focus groups with tourist aged 20 and 35 years of age who regularly travelled abroad for holidays. The first thing that this search found was that people could recall health education advice by seeking shade, using a sunscreen or covering the body. People knew what the expert advice said about the dangers of sun. However, people did not fully follow this advice because they had their own ways of understanding and making sense of the healthy and risky elements of their material lives. The knowledge produced by experts was different from that produced by holidaymakers. This distinction between expert and lay knowledge meant that expert knowledge was interpreted rather than followed to the letter by the public (Carter and Jordan, 2009). The expert knowledge does not straightforwardly determine public opinion. 1. Lay knowledge of symbolic risk The effects that the sun has on the body are both a source of material risk, from cancers, and of symbolic risk, such as being peely-wally (Carter and Jordan, 2009). Suntan became a material sign or symbol that is for the visual consumption of other tourists. 1. Beck’s thesis . The examples of sun exposure and of poisoned soil demonstrate how we may have entered into a particular kind of relationship to risk in society today. German sociologist Ulrich Beck examined the move from the Industrial Society in which political deliberations where concerns with the distribution of wealth to a Risk Society that focuses on the distribution of harm (cited in Carter and Jordan, 2009 p. 80). Beck also argues that we have become dependent on external information usually expert knowledge to assess the risks we face, instead of using personal experience or common sense. For example, the allotment holders could not determine the risks contained in their soil, they were told about potential danger by scientific experts. Similarly, the possible risk from sun exposure has to be made clear to people by expert evidence. One of Beck’s main concerns is the role of expert knowledge in defining the risks, whether that risk is nuclear radiation, arsenic in the soil or the sun. 1. Conclusion In modern society much more effort is being put into measuring risk. Experts aim to examine potential hazards and produce evidence that will allow us to make informed decisions. Assessing risk often relies on science and expertise. These are practices which involve choices and assumptions that can create debate. A risk society is one in which calculations of risk become increasingly prominent. Many modern risks are invisible and need experts to make them visible to the public.

Technology has improved the music industry in 3 main areas essays

Technology has improved the music industry in 3 main areas essays A certainly emerging trend in the music industry is the way technology has improved it so drastically. In the past, for instance, vinyl records were very popular and is the premium medium for music distribution because it has far more superior audio quality than its predecessor, the audio tape cassette. After a couple of years, the music industry saw its first compact disc or CD. It was a giant leap for music technology. The CD featured digitally encoded signals, far more accurate and better than the analogue vinyl. This ultimately resulted in more capabilities and diversity in music. We can see that technology has improved the music industry in three areas: instrumental, auditory and distribution advancements. The three main aspects where technology has made significant improvements are instruments, audio techniques and methodologies and music distribution and copyright. Examples of the way technology has affected the different aspects are countless. Some examples are illustrated here. Musical instruments, firstly, has been greatly influenced by technology. The early English organ, that used manual valves to control sound production is now replaced with electronic circuitry. This circuit is preprogrammed to tell the valves to release enough air to produce a certain tone. Early organs depend on how much pressure the organist applies to the keys and after much playing of the organ, the slight inaccuracies of the instrument will result in misaligned tonal sounds. Thus, the circuitry completely eliminates the need to tune the instrument regularly and ensures accurate reproduction of sound all the time. The Germany-manufactured pipe organ that sits in Singapores Esplanade arts centre, is an application of electronic technology in organs. The wind instrument is the largest and most advanced in South-East Asia (Rachel, 2004, p. 29). Computer chips that h ave been integrated into the pipe organ provides a wider r ...